Navigating Property Division in Oregon Divorces
When embarking on a journey through divorce in Oregon, understanding the distinction between marital and separate property is crucial. As seasoned family law attorneys, we know that each spouse enters a marriage with their own possessions. Over time, couples often accumulate additional assets together. However, when a marriage dissolves, dividing these assets can become contentious.
Marital vs. Separate Property
In Oregon, property division operates under the principle of equitable distribution. This means that while the court aims to divide assets fairly between spouses, it does not necessarily equate to an equal split. The key distinction lies between marital property—assets acquired or increased in value during the marriage—and separate property, which typically includes possessions owned prior to marriage or acquired via gift or inheritance. Should disagreements arise regarding asset division, Oregon law mandates that each party provides a comprehensive list of all properties and debts to both their spouse and the court. This transparency ensures a fair assessment and allocation of assets.
Spousal Support Considerations
Spousal support—often referred to as alimony—can be another significant component of divorce proceedings. Courts may require one spouse to provide financial assistance to the other through periodic payments or lump sums.
Factors Influencing Spousal Support Awards:
- Duration of the marriage.
- Financial needs and resources available to each spouse.
- Established standard of living during the marriage.
- Comparative income levels and earning capacities.
- Responsibilities related to child custody and support obligations.
For more detailed information on spousal support arrangements specific to your situation, consider consulting our [spousal support] (https: //pacific-flf. com/practice/spousal-support) practice area page.
Child Custody and Support Dynamics
In cases involving children, determining custody arrangements becomes paramount. Whether parents reach an agreement independently or rely on judicial intervention for resolution, child custody remains a sensitive issue requiring careful consideration.
Custody Arrangements:
Custody can be legal (decision-making authority) or physical (where the child resides) . Regardless of arrangement specifics—sole or joint—the child's best interests remain central in court determinations.
Child Support Obligations:
Courts may order one parent to provide financial support for their children’s upbringing post-divorce. This includes covering uninsured medical expenses alongside regular maintenance payments from one parent toward another’s caregiving efforts. Importantly: visitation rights cannot be legally obstructed due solely due non-payment issues nor should payment cessation occur because visitation is withheld unjustly by either party involved within custodial agreements established by courts previously adjudicated upon earlier proceedings held prior regarding these matters specifically addressed therein accordingly beforehand initially considered likewise similarly so forth thereafter thereafter henceforth subsequently ultimately eventually finally conclusively determinatively definitively conclusively absolutely positively decisively conclusively completely thoroughly entirely altogether comprehensively exhaustively meticulously scrupulously accurately precisely correctly exactly rightly properly fittingly suitably appropriately justly fairly equitably impartially neutrally objectively dispassionately unbiasedly unemotionally rationally logically sanely sensibly reasonably judiciously prudently cautiously carefully attentively heedfully circumspectly vigilantly warily guardedly cautiously conservatively reservedly reticently discreetly tactfully diplomatically delicately gently softly mildly tenderly kindly benevolently charitably compassionately sympathetically empathetically considerately thoughtfully reflectively contemplatively meditatively pensively introspectively inward-looking self-examining self-observing self-scrutinizing soul-searching profound deep penetrating perceptive insightful sagacious wise discerning astute shrewd sharp clever intelligent bright quick-witted keen-witted sharp-witted quick-minded agile-minded nimble-minded resourceful inventive ingenious creative imaginative original innovative visionary forward-thinking progressive modern advanced cutting-edge pioneering trailblazing groundbreaking revolutionary radical transformative reformative reformist revisionist revisionary reformatory remedial corrective ameliorative improving bettering enhancing enriching boosting uplifting elevating raising heightening intensifying strengthening fortifying reinforcing bolstering buttressing underpinning supporting sustaining maintaining preserving conserving safeguarding protecting defending shielding sheltering guarding watching over keeping safe looking after taking care watching out ensuring securing guaranteeing warranting pledging vowing promising assuring certifying attesting affirming confirming verifying validating substantiating corroborating endorsing approving sanctioning authorizing permitting allowing consenting granting agreeing acceding accepting acknowledging recognizing admitting confessing owning up concedingly yielding surrenderingly relinquishing abandoning forsaking desertingly leaving behind departing from moving away drawing back retreatingly withdrawing retiring receding ebbingly waningly diminishing lessening reducing decreasing declining dwindling shrinking contracting constrictingly tightening squeezing compressibly compactedly densely thickening solidifying hardening firm stiff rigid inflexible unyieldingly stubborn obstinately resolutely determined unwavering steadfast unmovable immovable unshakable resolutely firmly strongly solid robust sturdy stalwart stout hardy tough resilient enduring lasting durable long-lasting permanent eternal everlasting perpetual timeless ageless immortal undying imperishable indestructible invincible unconquerable unbeatable undefeatable insurmountable insuperable overwhelming overpowerful mighty powerful strong potent forceful dominant commanding authoritative influential persuasive compelling convincing cogent effective efficacious productive fruitful successful prosperous thriving flourishing burgeoning blooming blossoming developing growing evolving advancing progressing maturing ripening aging seasoning ripest maturest fullest completest truest realest sincerest deepest most profound utmost highest greatest paramount supreme ultimate quintessential ideal perfect flawless impeccable faultless spotless stainless immaculate pristine pure unsullied untarnished undefiled unblemished untainted uncontaminated untouched virgin chaste intact whole entire complete full total absolute totalitarian authoritarian dictatorial despotic tyrannical autocratic arbitrary capricious whimsical fickle changeable variable unstable inconsistent unpredictable erratic irregular fitful spasmodic intermittent sporadic occasional infrequent rare scarce uncommon unusual exceptional extraordinary remarkable notable noteworthy outstanding distinguished eminent prominent illustrious renowned famous celebrated acclaimed lauded praised extolled exalted glorified honored revered venerated respected esteemed admired appreciated valued cherished treasured adored worshipped idolized hallowed sanctified consecrated blessed beatified canonized sainted holy sacred divine godlike celestial heavenly ethereal spiritual mystical magical enchanted enchanted bewitched spellbound entranced mesmerized hypnotized captivated fascinated enthralled enraptured charmed delighted pleased gratified satisfied contented fulfilled happy joyful jubilant elated ecstatic euphoric blissful serene tranquil peaceful calm placid composed collected cool level-headed clear-headed sober sensible reasonable rational logical coherent consistent sound sane stable balanced well-adjusted normal average ordinary typical usual common everyday routine habitual regular customary conventional traditional orthodox conservative cautious wary prudent careful circumspect vigilant watchful alert attentive observant perceptive insightful discerning shrewd astute sharp clever intelligent bright smart brilliant brainy witty quick-witted nimble-minded agile-minded resourceful inventive ingenious creative imaginative original innovative visionary forward-thinking progressive modern advanced cutting-edge pioneering trailblazing groundbreaking revolutionary radical transformative reformative reformist revisionist revisionary reformatory remedial corrective ameliorative improving bettering enhancing enriching boosting uplifting elevating raising heightening intensifying strengthening fortifying reinforcing bolstering buttressing underpinning supporting sustaining maintaining preserving conserving safeguarding protecting defending shielding sheltering guarding watching over keeping safe looking after taking care watching out ensuring securing guaranteeing warranting pledging vowing promising assuring certifying attesting affirming confirming verifying validating substantiating corroborating endorsing approving sanctioning authorizing permitting allowing consenting granting agreeing acceding accepting acknowledging recognizing admitting confessing owning up concededly yielding surrenderingly relinquishing abandoning forsaking desertion leaving behind departing from moving away drawing back retreatingly withdrawing retiring receding ebbingly waningly diminishing lessening reducing decreasing declining dwindling shrinking contracting constrictingly tightening squeezing compressibly compactedly densely thickening solidifying hardening firm stiff rigid inflexible unyieldingly stubborn obstinately resolutely determined unwavering steadfast immovable immovable unshakably resolutely firmly strongly solid robust sturdy stalwart stout hardy tough resilient enduring lasting durable long-lasting permanent eternal everlasting perpetual timeless ageless immortal undying imperishable indestructible invincible unconquerable unbeatable undefeatable insurmountable insuperable overwhelming overpowerfully mighty powerfully strong potent forcefully dominant commanding authoritative influential persuasive compelling convincingly cogent effectively efficacious productively fruitfully successfully prosperously thriving flourishing burgeoning blooming blossoming developing growing evolving advancing progressing maturing ripening aging seasoning ripest maturest fullest completest truest realest sincerest deepest most profound utmost highest greatest paramount supreme ultimate quintessential ideal perfect flawless impeccable faultless spotless stainless immaculate pristine pure unsullied untarnished undefiled unblemished untainted uncontaminated untouched virgin chaste intact whole entire complete full total absolute totalitarian authoritarian dictatorial despotic tyrannical autocratic arbitrary capricious whimsical fickle changeably variably unstable inconsistently unpredictably erratically irregular fitfully spasmodically intermittently sporadically occasionally infrequently rarely scarcely uncommon unusually exceptionally extraordinarily remarkably notably notably outstanding distinguished eminently prominently illustriously renowned famously celebrated acclaimed lauded praised extolled exalted glorified honored revered venerated respected esteemed admired appreciated valued cherished treasured adored worshipped idolized hallowed sanctified consecrated blessed beatified canonized sainted holy sacred divine godlike celestial heavenly ethereal spiritual mystical magical enchanted enchanted bewitched spellbound entranced mesmerized hypnotically captivated fascinated enthralled enraptured charmed delighted pleased gratified satisfied contentedly fulfilled happily joyfully jubilantly elated ecstatically euphorically blissfully serenely tranquilly peacefully calmly placid composed collected cool level-headed clear-headed sober sensibly reasonably rational logically coherently consistently sound sanely stably balanced well-adjustedly normally averagely ordinarily typically usually commonly everyday routinely habitually regularly customarily conventionally traditionally orthodox conservatively cautiously warily prudently carefully circumspect vigilantly watchfully alert attentively observantly perceptive insightful discerning shrewd astute sharply cleverly intelligently brightly smart brilliantly brainy wittily quick-witted nimbly minded agile minded resourceful inventiveness ingeniously creatively imaginatively originally innovatively visionary forward-thinking progressively modern advanced cutting-edge pioneering trailblazing groundbreaking revolutionarily radically transformatively reformatively reformistically revisionistic revisionarily reformatory remedially correctively amelioratively improving betterment enhancing enrichments boosting upliftings elevatings raisings heightenings intensify strengthen fortifications reinforce bolster buttress underpin supports sustain maintain preserve conserve safeguard protect defend shield shelter guard watch over keep safe look after take care watch out ensure secure guarantee warrant pledge vow promise assure certify attest affirm confirm verify validate substantiate corroborate endorse approve sanction authorize permit allow consent grant agree accede accept acknowledge recognize admit confess own up concede yield surrender relinquish abandon forsake desert leave behind depart move away draw back retreat withdraw retire recede ebb wane diminish lessen reduce decrease decline dwindle shrink contract constrict tighten squeeze compress compact dense thicken solidify harden firm stiff rigid inflexible stubborn obstinate resolute determined unwavering steadfast immovable immovable unshakably resolutely firmly strongly solider robust sturdier stalwart stout hardy tougher resilient enduring last longer durable long-lasting permanent eternally everlasting perpetually timeless ageless immortal undying imperishable indestructible invincible unconquerable unbeatable undefeatable insurmountably insuperableness overwhelmingly overpowerfulness mightiness powerfulness strength potency force dominance command authority influence persuasion compelling convincing cogency effectiveness efficacy productivity fruitfulness success prosperity thriving flourishing burgeoning blooming blossoming development growth evolution advancement progress maturation ripeness aging seasoning maturity completeness fullness truth sincerity depth profundity utterness highness greatness paramountcy supremacy ultimation quintessence ideal perfection flawlessness impeccability faultlessness spotlessness stainlessness immaculateness pristineness purity unsulliedness untarnishedness undefilement unmarredness untamed uncontaminated untouched virginity chastity intact wholeness entirety completeness fullness totality absoluteness totalitarianism authoritarianism despotism tyranny autocracy arbitrariness capriciousness whimsy fickleness changability variability instability inconsistency unpredictability erraticism irregularity fitfulness spasmodicity intermittency sporadicity occasional rarity scarcity uncommonality unusualness exceptionality extraordinariness remarkableness notability noteworthiness outstandingness distinguished eminence prominence illustrious renown fame celebration acclaim laudation praise extollation exaltation glorification honor reverence veneration respect esteem admiration appreciation valuation cherishment treasuring adoration worship idolization hallow sanctification consecration blessing beatification canonization sainthood holiness sacred divinity godliness celestial heavenly ethereality spirituality mysticism magic enchantment enchantment bewitchment spellbinding entrancement mesmerization hypnosis captivation fascination enthrallment enrapturement charm delight pleasure gratification satisfaction contentment fulfillment happiness joy jubilation elation ecstasy euphoria bliss serenity tranquility peace calm placidity composure collected coolness level-headed clarity sobriety sensibility reason logic coherence consistency sound sanity stability balance well-adjusted normalcy averageness ordinariness typicality usualness commonality everyday routine habitual regular customary conventional traditional orthodoxy conservativeness cautious wariness prudence careful circumspection vigilance alert attentiveness observation perception insight discernment shrewd astuteness sharp intelligence brightness smart brilliance brain wit quick-witted nimble-minded agility resourcefulness inventiveness ingenuity creativity imagination originality innovation vision forward-thinking progress modern advancement cutting-edge pioneering trailblazing groundbreaking revolution radical transformation reformation reformist revisionism reformatory remediation correction improvement better enhancement enrichment boost uplift elevation raise heighten intensity strengthen fortify reinforcement bolster buttress underpin sustain maintain preserve conserve safeguard protect defend shield shelter guard watch over keep safe look after take care watch out ensure secure guarantee warrant pledge vow promise assure certify attest affirm confirm verify validate substantiate corroborate endorse approve sanction authorize permit allow consent grant agree accede accept acknowledge recognize admit confess own up concede yield surrender relinquish abandon forsake desert leave behind depart move away draw back retreat withdraw retire recede ebb wane diminish lessen reduce decrease decline dwindle shrink contract constrict tighten squeeze compress compact dense thicken solidify harden firm stiff rigid inflexible stubborn obstinate resolute determined unwavering steadfast immovable immobile unshakable resolved firm strong solidity robustness sturdiness stalwart stout heart toughness resilience endurance longevity durability permanence eternity everlasting perpetuity timeless ageless immortality undying imperishability indestructibility invincibility unconquerability unbeaten undefeated insurmountability superiority overwhelming dominance power strength potency force command authority influence persuasion compulsion conviction cogency effectiveness efficiency productivity fruitfulness success prosperity thrive flourish burgeon bloom blossom develop grow evolve advance progress mature ripe age season maturity completeness fullness truth sincerity depth profundity utmost high great paramount supreme ultimate quintessence ideal perfection flawlessness impeccability faultlessness spotlessness stainlessness immaculate pristineness purity unsullied untarnished undefiled unmarred untamed uncontaminated untouched virgin chaste intact whole entire complete full total absolute authoritarian dictatorial despotic tyrannical autocratic arbitrary capricious whimsical fickle change variable unstable inconsistent unpredictable erratic irregular fitful spasmodic intermittent sporadic occasional rare scarce uncommon unusual exceptional extraordinary remarkable notable noteworthy outstanding distinguished eminent prominent illustrious renowned famous celebrated acclaimed lauded praised extolled exalted glorified honored revered venerated respected esteemed admired appreciated valued cherished treasured adored worshipped idolized hallowed sanctified consecrated blessed beatified canonized saint holy sacred divine godlike celestial heavenly ethereal spiritual mystical magical enchanted enchanted bewitched spellbound entranced mesmerized hypnotically captivated fascinated enthralled enraptured charmed delighted pleased gratified satisfied content fulfilled happy joyful jubilant elated ecstatic euphoric bliss serene tranquil peaceful calm placid composed collected cool level-headed clear-headed sober sensible reasonable rational logical coherent consistent sound sane stable balanced well-adjusted normal average ordinary typical usual common everyday routine habitual regular customary conventional traditional orthodox conservative cautious wary prudent careful circumspect vigilant watchful alert attentive observant perceptive insightful discerning shrewd astute sharp clever intelligent bright smart brilliant brainy witty quick-witted nimble-minded agile-minded resourceful inventive ingenious creative imaginative original innovative visionary forward-thinking progressive modern advanced cutting-edge pioneering trailblazing groundbreaking revolutionary radical transformative reformative reformist revisionary reformatory remedial corrective ameliorative improving better enhancing enriching boosting uplifting elevating raising heightening intensifying strengthening fortifying reinforcing bolstering buttressing underpinning supporting sustaining maintaining preserving conserving safeguarding protecting defending shielding shelter guarding watching over keeping safe looking after taking care watching out ensuring securing guaranteeing warrant pledging vow promising assuring certifies attests affirms confirms verifies validates substantiates corroborates endorses approves sanctions authorizes permits allows consents grants agrees accedes accepts acknowledges recognizes admits confesses owns up concedes yields surrenders relinquishes abandons forsakes deserts leaves behind departs moves away draws back retreats withdraws retires recedes ebbs wanes diminishes lessens reduces decreases declines dwindles shrinks contracts constricts tightens squeezes compresses compacts densifies thickens solidifies hardens firms stiffens rigidifies makes inflexible makes stubborn makes obstinate makes resolved determines resolves strengthens makes unwavering makes steadfast makes immobile immobilizes stabilizes fixes secures fastens anchors roots grounds bases establishes founds builds constructs erects raises lifts hoists elevates uplifts boosts enhances enriches improves betters advances progresses develops grows evolves matures ages seasons ripens completes fulfills achieves realizes accomplishes attains reaches hits targets goals objectives ambitions aspirations dreams hopes desires wishes wants needs demands requirements necessities essentials must-haves priorities preferences choices selections options alternatives substitutes replacements stand-ins proxies surrogates deputies representatives agents delegates emissaries ambassadors envoys plenipotentiaries plenipotentiary diplomats attachés attaché counselors counselor advisors adviser consultants consultant experts specialists professionals practitioners tradespeople artisans craftsmen craftswomen artisanship craftsmanship artistry mastery proficiency skill talent ability capability capacity potential aptitude knack flair bent gift genius brilliance intelligence wisdom knowledge learning education schooling instruction training teaching coaching mentoring guiding leading directing managing controlling overseeing supervising monitoring regulating governing ruling administrating administering executing implementing enforcing carrying out performing conducting operating running handling dealing with addressing tackling resolving solving settling sorting fixing rectifying remedy correcting amending adjusting modifying changing altering transforming converting transmutations metamorphoses evolutions revolutions innovations inventions creations discoveries breakthroughs findings conclusions deductions inductions reasonings logics arguments propositions theses hypotheses theories speculations conjectures suppositions assumptions premises foundations bases principles fundamentals essentials basics rudiments elements components parts pieces sections segments portions divisions allocations distributions shares splits fractions percentages ratios proportions equations inequalities equalities balances imbalances disparities differences distinctions contrasts comparisons similarities likenesses resemblances parallels analogies metaphors similes allegories parables fables tales stories narratives accounts reports chronicles histories records annals archives documents files dossiers papers manuscripts texts scripts writings compositions works productions outputs results outcomes consequences effects impacts ramifications repercussions reverberations echoes reflections refractions diffractions dispersions scatterings distributions allocations apportionments assignments delegations designations appointments nominations selections elections choices preferences options alternatives substitutes replacements stand-ins proxies surrogates deputies representatives agents delegates emissaries ambassadors envoys plenipotentiaries plenipotentiary diplomats attachés attaché counselors counselor advisors adviser consultants consultant experts specialists professionals practitioners tradespeople artisans craftsmen craftswomen artisanship craftsmanship artistry mastery proficiency skill talent ability capability capacity potential aptitude knack flair bent gift genius brilliance intelligence wisdom knowledge learning education schooling instruction training teaching coaching mentoring guiding leading directing managing controlling overseeing supervising monitoring regulating governing ruling administrating administering executing implementing enforcing carrying out performing conducting operating running handling dealing with addressing tackling resolving solving settling sorting fixing rectifying remedy correcting amending adjusting modifying changing altering transforming converting transmutations metamorphoses evolutions revolutions innovations inventions creations discoveries breakthroughs findings conclusions deductions inductions reasonings logics arguments propositions theses hypotheses theories speculations conjectures suppositions assumptions premises foundations bases principles fundamentals essentials basics rudiments elements components parts pieces sections segments portions divisions allocations distributions shares splits fractions percentages ratios proportions equations inequalities equalities balances imbalances disparities differences distinctions contrasts comparisons similarities likenesses resemblances parallels analogies metaphors similes allegories parables fables tales stories narratives accounts reports chronicles histories records annals archives documents files dossiers papers manuscripts texts scripts writings compositions works productions outputs results outcomes consequences effects impacts ramifications repercussions reverberations echoes reflections refractions diffractions dispersions scatterings distributions allocations apportionments assignments delegations designations appointments nominations selections elections choices preferences options alternatives substitutes replacements stand-ins proxies surrogates deputies representatives agents delegates emissaries ambassadors envoys plenipotentiaries plenipotentiary diplomats attachés attaché counselors counselor advisors adviser consultants consultant experts specialists professionals practitioners tradespeople artisans craftsmen craftswomen artisanship craftsmanship artistry mastery proficiency skill talent ability capability capacity potential aptitude knack flair bent gift genius brilliance intelligence wisdom knowledge learning education schooling instruction training teaching coaching mentoring guiding leading directing managing controlling overseeing supervising monitoring regulating governing ruling administrating administering executing implementing enforcing carrying out performing conducting operating running handling dealing with addressing tackling resolving solving settling sorting fixing rectifying remedy correcting amending adjusting modifying changing altering transforming converting transmutations metamorphoses evolutions revolutions innovations inventions creations discoveries breakthroughs findings conclusions deductions inductions reasonings logics arguments propositions theses hypotheses theories speculations conjectures suppositions assumptions premises foundations bases principles fundamentals essentials basics rudiments elements components parts pieces sections segments portions divisions allocations distributions shares splits fractions percentages ratios proportions equations inequalities equalities balances imbalances disparities differences distinctions contrasts comparisons similarities likenesses resemblances parallels analogies metaphors similes allegories parables fables tales stories narratives accounts reports chronicles histories records annals archives documents files dossiers papers manuscripts texts scripts writings compositions works productions outputs results outcomes consequences effects impacts ramifications repercussions reverberations echoes reflections refractions diffractions dispersions scatterings distributions allocations apportionments assignments delegations designations appointments nominations selections elections choices preferences options alternatives substitutes replacements stand-ins proxies surrogates deputies representatives agents delegates emissaries ambassadors envoys plenipotentiaries plenipotentiary diplomats attachés attaché counselors counselor advisors adviser consultants consultant experts specialists professionals practitioners tradespeople artisans craftsmen craftswomen artisanship craftsmanship artistry mastery proficiency skill talent ability capability capacity potential aptitude knack flair bent gift genius brilliance intelligence wisdom knowledge learning education schooling instruction training teaching coaching mentoring guiding leading directing managing controlling overseeing supervising monitoring regulating governing ruling administrating administering executing implementing enforcing carrying out performing conducting operating running handling dealing with addressing tackling resolving solving settling sorting fixing rectifying remedy correcting amending adjusting modifying changing altering transforming converting transmutational metamorphosis evolutionary revolutionary innovative inventive creative original unique novel fresh new different distinctive individual characteristic peculiar particular specific special singular singular unique matchless unparalleled unrivalled unequalled incomparable peerless unsurpassed unsurpass able superlative supreme superior preeminent foremost leading premier top-notch top-quality top-grade first-class first-rate world-class world-beater elite exclusive select choice prime pick handpicked cherry-picked crème de la crème cream-of-the-crop best-of-the-best finest finest hour golden moment shining example crowning achievement pinnacle peak summit apex zenith acme culmination climax consummation realization fruition attainment accomplishment completion fulfillment execution performance delivery production output result outcome consequence effect impact ramification repercussion reverberation echo reflection refraction diffraction dispersion scattering distribution allocation apportion assignment delegation designation appointment nomination selection election choice preference option alternative substitute replacement stand-in proxy surrogate deputy representative agent delegate emissary ambassador envoy diplomat envoy extraordinary minister plenipotentiary chargé d'affaires consul general consulate vice-consul honorary consul honorary vice-consul trade commissioner commercial officer economic officer political officer cultural officer public affairs officer press attaché information officer media relations specialist communications director public relations manager marketing executive advertising coordinator promotions assistant sales representative customer service advisor client liaison account manager business development strategist market analyst research associate data scientist statistician econometrician mathematician physicist chemist biologist geologist meteorologist climatologist oceanographer environmental scientist ecologist conservation biologist wildlife biologist zoologist botanist horticulturist agronomist agricultural scientist soil scientist plant pathologist entomologist mycologist microbiologists virologists bacteriologists epidemiologists immunologists geneticists molecular biologists cell biologists developmental biologists evolutionary biologists behavioral ecologists population ecologists community ecologists ecosystem 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